October 17, 2021

Programmingempire

This article demonstrates the implementation of Matrix Multiplication in C#. Undeniably, matrix multiplication is one of the most important operations on matrices. By and large matrix multiplication is used in many fields such as computer graphics, scientific computation, implementing algorithms, network theory, data science, applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning, image processing, and so on. Particularly, it is used in many computer graphics tasks such as 2D transformation.

How to Perform Matrix Multiplication?

In order to perform matrix multiplication, we must have two matrices that satisfy the following condition.

Let M1 is a matrix with dimensions, mXn, where m denotes the number of rows, and n denotes the number of columns. Similarly, let M2 is another matrix with dimensions pXq, where p is the number of rows in M2, and q is the number of columns in M2. Further, the condition for matrix multiplication to take place is that n must be equal to q. In other words, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix.

Afterward, we can specify the matrix multiplication as follows.

where x_ik represents the elements in the matrix M1. While y_kj denotes the elements in the matrix M2.

Program to Perform Matrix Multiplication in C#

The following program implements matrix multiplication. At first, the program reads the number of rows and columns of the matrices. Further, it checks the condition for valid matrix multiplication. In case, it doesn’t satisfy the necessary condition, the program terminates. Otherwise, it reads the elements of the two matrices. After that, it creates the two-dimensional arrays that hold the matrices and calls the product method.

Accordingly, the product method computes the matrix multiplication using three nested loops. While the innermost loop computes the value of each element in the resulting matrix. In order to do so, it multiplies the corresponding elements in the given row of the first matrix and the corresponding column of the second matrix. Finally, it adds all these values to compute the value of that particular element.

using System;

namespace MatrixProduct
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int m1, n1, m2, n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Enter Number of Rows of First Matrix: ");
            m1 = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            Console.WriteLine("Enter Number of Columns of First Matrix: ");
            n1 = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine());


            Console.WriteLine("Enter Number of Rows of Second Matrix: ");
            m2 = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            Console.WriteLine("Enter Number of Columns of Second Matrix: ");
            n2 = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine());


            if (n1 != m2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Number of Columns of First Matrix is not Equal to the Number of Rows of Second Matrix");
                Console.WriteLine("Matrix Multiplication is not Possible!\nExiting....");
                Environment.Exit(0);
            }
            //Declation of 2D array
            int[,] mat1 = new int[m1, n1];
            int[,] mat2 = new int[m2, n2];
            int[,] mat3 = new int[m1, n2];
            Console.WriteLine("Enter elements of first matrix: ");
            read_matrix(mat1);
            Console.WriteLine("Enter elements of second matrix: ");
            read_matrix(mat2);

            Console.WriteLine("First Matrix (M1): ");
            show(mat1);
            Console.WriteLine("Second Matrix (M2): ");
            show(mat2);

            //Find Sum
            mat3 = product(mat1, mat2);
            Console.WriteLine("Product matrix (M3): ");
            show(mat3);
        }
        public static int[,] product(int[,] a, int[,] b)
        {
            int m1 = a.GetUpperBound(0) + 1;
            int n1 = a.GetUpperBound(1) + 1;

            int m2 = b.GetUpperBound(0) + 1;
            int n2 = b.GetUpperBound(1) + 1;

            int[,] c = new int[m1, n2];
            for (int i = 0; i < m1; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++)
                {
                    c[i, j] = 0;
                    for(int k=0;k<n1;k++)
                        c[i,j]+=a[i, k] * b[k, j];
                }
            }
            return c;
        }

        public static void show(int[,] a)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.GetUpperBound(0) + 1; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < a.GetUpperBound(1) + 1; j++)
                {
                    Console.Write(a[i, j] + " ");
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
        }
        public static void read_matrix(int[,] a)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.GetUpperBound(0) + 1; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < a.GetUpperBound(1) + 1; j++)
                {
                    a[i, j] = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Output

Programmingempire

How to Perform Matrix Multiplication?

Program to Perform Matrix Multiplication in C#

Further Reading

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